Haj

What is Haj 

        The word Haj in Arabic actually means, “to resolve for proceedings towards a grand aim;” but in Islamic term haj is the display of those blessed actions and holy rites which a pilgrim performs by leaving his home with the intention of haj to visit the sacred house of allah in ehraam during particular auspicious dates and timings with tawaaf of kaabah and stay at Arafat as key items. the congregation of haj pilgrims millions in number at Makkah is unparalled, incomparable and unique in the world with all obedient servants of allah in similar simple and identical white uniform displaying as one nation worshipping one allah, all encircling one kaabah following one Quran, one prophet and one religion of islam.

Haj for whom:

       Haj is the fifth rukn (pillar) of islam. It fardh-ayen (incumbent) upon every adult, male and female affording to, once in a life time. Haj was made fardh in year 9th Hijri vide the following quranic verse NO. (97) OF SURAT AAL -E- IMRAN.

       (WA-LILLAHI ALANNASI HIJJUL-BAYETI MANIS-TATA-AA. ILAIHI SABEELA)

TRANSLATION:

      And haj (pilgrimage to the divine house) is a duty unto allah for mankind, for him who can find a way thither.

Virtues of haj:

  Hazrath Rasulullah declared:

1). One who performed haj and did not use foul language, nor deviated from the commandments of Allah; then he will return home like the day his mother gave birth to him.

2) haj removes; one’s indigence and sins jut as a furnace removes the rust of silver and gold

3)  for an accepted haj, there is no reward besides paradise (Jannath).

4)  one who performs haj on behalf of his parents after their death, he then is free from the fire of hell (jahanmum), and complete haj is rewarded to his parents with no reduction in his own reward. 

5) when a person goes for haj and passes away on the way, he shall not be brought (before Allah) for judgement, nor will he have to account for his actions.

Warning:  hazarath rasulullah said:

         One who posses wealth and has all the means to reach the sacred house of allah, thereafter does not perform haj, then that person may die either as a yahudi (jew) or a nasraani (christian).

Types of haj:

 There are three types of performing haj , namely:

1. quiraan
2. tamattu and
3. ifraad.

Quiraan:

1. in this type of haj, While wearing ehraam at meequat, the niyyah is made at a time for both haj and umrah. One who performs quiraan is known as  quaarin.
2. For aafaaqui, quiraan is excellent.

3)   quiraan is not permitted for hillis or makkis. Otherwise they will be sinful and a damm will be penalized. 

Tamattu:

        In this type of haj, ehraam is put on at meequaat only with the niyyah of umrah. On arrival at Makkah, ehraam is removed after performing umrah. On zilhijjah the 8th once again ehraam is put on with the niyyah of haj and then all the rites of haj are performed. One who performs tamattu is known as mutamattey. 

Note:   In tamattu one has the advantage of scaping from all ehraam restrictions from the time of removing umrah ehraam till the time  haj  ehraam is put on. Hence generally aafaquis only perform tamattu.

Ifraad:

 In this type of haj  ehraam is put on at the meequat with the niyyah of haj only and haj is  not clupped up with umrah .one who performs ifraad is known as mufrid.

Note: makkis  and hillis have to perform ifraad only. For them there is no quiraan and tamattu.

Comparative difference:

The main difference in these three types of haj is as following:

1) In quiraan ehraam and niyyah for haj and umrah are together at the same time. In tamattu. Separate ehrams and niyyah are for umrah and haj; Whereas in ifraad, ehraam and niyyah are only for haj and not at all for umrah.

2) tawaaf-e-qudoom is there for quiraan and ifraad, But not for tamattu.

3) In quiraan after umrah, neither haircutting nor removal of ehraam is there. In tamattu, ehraam is removed after haircutting at the end of umrah and haj also. In ifraad, till the end of haj neither haircutting nor removal of ehram is there.

4)  qurbani (sacrifice) is wajid both in quiraan and tamattu whereas it is mustahib (optional) in ifraad.

5). An aafaaqui can perform all the three types of haj I.E. quiraan, tamattu and ifraad but makkis and hillis can perform only ifraad and not quiraan or tamattu.

Conditions for haj being fardh (incumbent).

1. to be an muslim
2. To be aaquil (mentally fit and not insane).
3. To be baaligh (physically matured I.E.adult)
4. To be aazaad ( a free and not slave).
5. To be in particular days and time of haj ( from 1st of shawwaal to 10th of zilhijjah).
6. To possess all travel requirements independently leaving sufficient provision for dependents in absence.
7. To have potentiality of traveling.
8. To have the knowledge of haj being fardh.

Conditions for performing haj:

1. to be physically fit and possess energy for performing haj.
2. To ascertain security route.
3. A woman must be accompanied by her husband or a mahram ( a male member of her family whom she cannot marry as per islamic law.)
4. A woman must not be in iddat  period due to divorce or death of her husband.

Fardh items of haj;

1. to wear ehraam (with niyyah of haj and talbiah).
2. Wuqoof (stay) at Arafat from zawaal of sun (midday) on 9th of zilhijjah upto the dawn of 10th of zilhijjah.
3. Tawaaf -e-ziarat between the morning of 10th zilhijjah and sunset of 12th zilhijjah after haircut.

Note: haj becomes null and void if any fardh item is left off.

Wajib items of haj:

1. main wajibaat:

1. sa’ee between safa  and marwah.
2. Stay at muzdalifah.
3. To pelt pebbles at three stones.
4. Qurbani (sacrifice) to be performed by quarin or mutamattey.
5. Shaving or trimming hair at particular time and place. (I.E. within qurbani days and haram limits).
6. To perform tawaaf-e-wadaa for aafaaqui. (Except females in menses).

B) subsidiary wajibaat:

1. to commence sa’ee from safa.
2. To walk on foot when no excuse.
3. To delay in namaaz of both Maghrib and isha till reaching muzdalifah.
4. During qurbani day, sequence to be maintained in pebble-petting, sacrifice and hair cut.
5. To commence tawaaf from hajar-e-aswad.
6. To commence tawaaf from right hand direction (I.E. anti-clock wise).
7. To walk on foot when no excuse.
8. To be clean from janaabat and have wadhu (ablution) during tawaaf.
9. Particular parts of body to be covered as per islami law during tawaaf.
10. Tawaaf must include hateem area also.
11. To perform complete tawaaf with seven rounds at a time or four rounds plus three rounds in two phases.
12. To perform two rakaats wajibut-tawaaf following  every tawaaf.

Sunnah items of haj:

1. clothes, body and place of tawaaf to be clean from najasath -e- haqueequi.
2. Pelting of pebbles, haircutting and tawaaf -e- ziarah, have to be performed in sequence.
3. Raml in tawaaf -e- ziarah.
4. To walk bit faster between green pillars during sa’ee.
5. To pass nights of qurbani at  mina.
6. On arafah day (9th zilhijjah) to proceed from mina to Arafat after sunrise only.
7. To proceed muzdalifah to mina before sunrise only.
8. To pass night time at muzdalifah.
9. To maintain sequence in pelting pebbles on three stones.

Note:  to avoid any sunnah item of haj intentionally is an act accused with contempt. One is blessed with reward if performed sunnah; But there is no jinayah (penalty) if it is left off.

How to perform haj:

     The comparative difference between three types of haj namely quiraan, tamattu and ifraad has already been given in previus pages. Since about ninety percent pilgrims arriving Makkah mukarramah from countries all over the world generally perform the most convenient type of haj called tamattu. Therefore the procedure of tamattu haj is described below item by item in sequence and mainly divided in two phases of umrah and haj rites.

1. Umrah (1st phase):

               it is to be  performed exactly in the same manner as described in previous pages but after 1st of shawwal and before 8th of zilhajjah only; As following

I)put on ehraam-

two rakaats sunnah- niyyah of umrah-talbiah with all ehram restrictions imposed.

a) for flight to jeddah, put on ehraam at home or at local airport.

b) for flight to Madinah munawwarah, while leaving for Makkah, put on ehraam at Madina itself or at the scheduled meequat called zul-hulaifah or beir-e-ali (11) kms from Madinah.

ii) enter haram Shareef in idh-tibah-

 Approach hajar-e-aswad- stop talbiah.

iii) perform tawaaf

               after niyyah with seven rounds and eight istilaams with raml in first three rounds only- stop idh-tibah - two rakaat wajibut tawaaf.

iv) drink zam-zam water-

  ninth istilaam- enter mas’aa and perform seven trips of sa’ee commencing first from safa and concluding it at Marwah.

v) shave or trim the hair of  head - two rakaat nafl - remove ehraam - take bath and put on normal clothes.

Note:    first phase of tamattu (I.e. umrah) is over. Now remain in Makkah till the eight of zilhijjah, when haj starts.

II. Haj ( 2nd phase): 

           Haj rites cover five days from 8th to 12th of zilhijjah,which are as following date - wise.                  

  the first day of haj (8th zilhijjah)

               it is also known as “tarviah day” on the eve or dawn (fajr) of 8th zilhijjah.

1. take a bath.
2. Wear the ehraam by covering head. Any where in Makkah )need not go to meequat).
3. Perform two rakaaths in haram-e-sharif.
4. Uncover head-say the niyyah-say talbiah, repeat it every now and then. The niyyah of haj is as following:

( allahuma innee uridul hajja, fa- yassirhu lee wa-taquabbalho minnee)

Translation:

        O’allah, i intend performing haj, make it easy for me, and accept it from me.

E) perform fajr namaaz at Makkah and after sunrise proceed to mina.

Note:   it is permitted to perform in advance wajid sa’ee after a nafl tawaaf with raml and idhtibah, and on 10th zilhijjah only tawaaf ziarah is enough.

F). while  leaving for mina, take with you minimum possible needy things as holy Quraan, tasbeeh, miswaak, mat or chataai, mug, torch, fruit, medicine and a  set of clean clothes etc..

G) on sighting mina, recite this do’aa

(Allahumma haza minan famnun  alayya  bima manantha bihi ala aulia-ika wa ahl-e-taa’ateka)

Translation: 

        O allah, this is mina . so you bless me that favour which you had blessed your saints and obedient servants.

  H) perform zuhar, asr, maghrib and isha namaaz..

            The second day of haj (9th zilhijjah)

It is also known as Arafah day.

1. perform fajr namaaz at mina with takbeer tashreeque.
2. After sunrise proceed to arafaat most humbly by uttering prayers and talbiah and occupy your tent, preserved for you at Arafaat.
3. Arafaat is a vast ground spread over approximately 20sq. Kms area with its demarcation around. To stay at Arafaat any time during zawaal to next morning even for few moments is most important fardh for haj pilgrims without which haj is null and void. Engage yourself in talbiah, any do’aa in any language, istighfaar Quraan reciting, tahmeed, takbeer and drood-e-shareef till zawaal time holy prophet said that the best words uttered at Arafaat today by myself and by other prophets before me are 

               (la-ilaha illallahu wahdahu la-shareeka lahu lahul  mulku wa lahul hamdu yuhyee wa yumeetu wa hu-wa hai-yul la yamutu bay-yadayhil khair wa hu-wa alaa kullay shai-in-quadeer)

Translation:

        There is no deity besides allah, he is alone .he has no partner, the universe solely belongs to him and all praise is solely for him. He alone gives life and death; in his hands lies all the good and he has infinite power over everything.

D)    finish your meals etc, take bath otherwise wudhu; and if circumstances permit, go to namirah mosque located within Arafaat area but only the part under its tombs are out of Arafaat boundry. In namirah mosque, imaam after delivering a khutbah, will lead namaz joining zuhr and asr together at zuhr timing with one Azaan and two iquamaths. If possible you may join that jama’at and follow the imaam within namirah mosque only which is too difficult.

E)    in case one is unable to perform these two namaaz with the imam at masjid-e- namirah either due to some reasons as huge crowd of being at a distance away from this masjid etc., one could perform his zuhr and asr namaaz in his tent only with zuhr namaaz at zuhr timing and asr namaaz at asr timing, whether individually or collectively in jama’at. In tent zuhr-cum-asr namaaz will not be joined together which has to be done in masjid-e-namirah only.

F)  pass whole day in doing do’aas most humbly for you and your relatives and all the muslim men and women of the world.

Note : “ please never forget to pray for this humble servant by name qazi syed shah Azam Ali soofi Quadri and his late parents”

          Engage yourself in do’aas till the sunset is over but never perform Maghrib namaaz at Arafaat. After sunset proceed to muzdhalifah at 3 kms from there.

Violations and Penalties at Arafaat:

i) For leaving Arafaat before sunset one Damm

is a must.

ii) Between the time of wearing Ehraam till before staying at Arafaat Haj becomes null and void if committed intercourse with wife. Also three following penalties in addition.

a) One Damm

b) To perform the remaining Haj rites in the same Ehraam.

c) To perform Quaza of Haj next year with a fresh Ehraam.

iii) Budnah (Sacrifice of whole cow or camel) if

committed intercourse after stay at Arafaat.                                                                          

g)   At Muzdhalifah stay anywhere you like except at "Muhassir Vally" where Ashab-e-Feel were killed due to torment of Allah. The Wajib time to stay at Muzdhalifah is from Fajr to a short while before sunrise but to pass whole night there is Sunnath-e-Mo'akkadah. Do not perform Maghrib Namaaz even if its time still remains; otherwise it is a sin. Wait till the time of Isha Namaaz commences. Then perform Maghrib and Isha both Namaaz at Isha time which is wajib with one Azaan and one Iquamat only. First three Fardh Rakaats of Magrib Namaaz and then immediately after Salaam, four Fardh Rakaats of Isha Namaaz are to be performed. Then Sunnah Rakaats of Maghrib Namaaz are to be followed by Sunnah and Witr Rakaats of Ishaa. Both the Fardh Namaaz may be performed individually but performing it collectively behind Imam is preferable. Now collect here (70) pebbles of date pit size for pelting in Mina. Stay awake most of the night time engaged in Do'aa, Tauba, Istighfar, Talbiah, Quran reciting and Durood Shareef till the Fajr time. 

Violations and Penalties at Muzdhalifa: 

i)  Damm, if reached Muzdhalifa in the night of stay, after the required time of "dawn to day-break.".

II)  Damm if leaving Muzdhalifa before dawn with no legitimate excuse. Only ladies, sick and weak persons are given exception.

III) Budnah (Sacrifice of whole cow or camel) if

intercourse with wife is committed at

Muzdhalifa; but Haj is not void.

The Thrid day of Haj (10th Zilhijjah):

It is also known as Nahr (Sacrifice) day ). Ensure dawn of 10th Zilhijjah and

perform Fajr Namaaz carlier. Leave Muzdalifa for Mina a short while before sunrise. On sighting Mina say the same Do'aa as said on arriving at Mina on first day of Haj.

  This day has a busy schedule with four main items to be peformed.

I)Ramee (pelting pebbles at) big Shaytaan only.                                                                  

II)  Qurbani (Sacrifice an animal).

III) Shave or trim of the head's hair.

iv) Perform Tawaaf-e-Ziarah.

Note:   It is Waajib to perform first three above mentioned items in their serial order (sequence) as follows.

i) RAMEE:

a).   Ramee (pelting pebbles) today is Sunnah from sunrise to Zawaal, permitted from Zawaal to sunset but Makrooh from sunset to Fajr.

b)  Discontinue the Talbiah after pelting first  pebble at big Shaytaan.

c) One is permitted to appoint a deputy in only the event of being so ill that he cannot be carried to the big Shaytaan even by any means of a conveyance.

d) While pelting the Shaytaan, be in a position with Mina towards your right and quibla (Kaabha) to your left. Hold one pebble at a time between the thumb and index finger of the right hand and pelt it.

e) Pelt seven pebbles one by one and while pelting each pebble say these words.

(Bismillahi Allahu Akbar Raghman Lish-Shaytaani Wa Rizan Lir-Rahman)

Translation:

In the name of Allah, Allah is great. This is to disgrace Shaytaan and to gain favour of Rahman.     

 ii) QURBANI (Sacrifice of an Animal):

 a)   After the ramee of big Shaytaan on 10th of Zilhijjah, a Mutamattay (not Mufrid), will have and to offer two Sacrifices, if he is Muqueem and  Saheb-e-Nisaab (on whom Zakaat is Fardh) One Sacrifice as usual that of Eadul-Azhaa annually and the other Sacrifice is Damm-e-Shukranah, which is Wajib in Haj. 

b)  If he comes under the definition of Musaafir, then first Sacrifice of Eidul-Azhaa need not be given by him; but any how other Sacrifice called Damm-e-Shukrana of Haj is Wajib in every case.

c)  The Sacrifice of Haj (Damm-e-Shukrana) has to

be offered only at Mina and within the limits of Haram of Makkah; whereas annual sacrifice of Eidul Azha may be arranged either in Haram area or at their own native place by their relatives.

d) It is Sunnah for a pilgrim to slaughter the animal personally by him. Otherwise if he is unable to slaughter the animal personally, then he can delegate it to some other person on a group, reliable, trustworthy and has the know-how.

e)  Here Muqueem means a pilgrim staying at Makkah before 8th Zilhijjah for a period of fifteen days or more. Musafir means a pilgrim (Aafaqui) staying at Makkah before 8th Zilhijjah for a period less than fifteen days.

iii) HAJAAMAT (Haircutting of the Head): 

a)  After the Qurbani (personally, or ensuring it if  offered through others), it is Waajib for males to make preferably Halque (shave) or Quasr (trim) of the hair of the head just as done in umrah. 

b)  The female pilgrims will never shave or trim their heads. Instead they have to cut with scissors the hair of their one fourth of head to the length of the first joint of the fore-finger. 

c)  The time for Halque or Quasr is after Qurbani within Nahr days (10th to 12th of Zilhijjah) only. 

d)  Halque or Quasr is permissible at any place within the boundry of the Haram of Makkah (otherwise Damm is penalized).

e)   After Halque or Quasr a pilgrim could remove Ehraam and all the restrictions imposed due to Ehraam will be lifted except intercourse with wife (which will only be permitted after completing Tawaaf-e-Ziarah).

Violations in Qurbani and Hajaamath:                                                                                                

1. Damm, if Hajaamat made before Qurbani.                                                                                 
2. Damm, if male cut less than one fourth of his head's hair to the length of the first joint of the forefinger.

iii)  Damm, if Hajaamat is not made till 12th Zilhijjah.

iv)  Budnah, for intercourse with wife before Hajaamat.

v)  Damm for intercourse with wife after Hajaamat.

vi)  Damm if Hajamath is made outside the boundary of Haram-e-Makkah.

iv) Tawaaf-e-Ziarah:

a)   After completing the items of Qurbani and Hajamat, proceed in normal clothes to Makkah to perform Tawaaf-e-Ziarah an important and last Fardh Rukn (essential rite) of Haj. It is Afzal (prominent) to perform Tawaaf-e-Ziarah on 10th Zilhijjah only immediately after Hajamat, otherwise on 11th Zilhijjah. Though it is permitted on 12th Zilhijjah also; but do not take this risk, because it is likely to miss due to huge crowd which is a sin (Makrooh-e-Tahrimi) and liable to a severe penalty.

b)   If the Sa'ee had already been performed along with a Nafl Tawaaf while leaving Makkah for Mina on 8th Zilhijjah, then only Tawaaf-e-Ziarah (without raml) alone will suffice now without any Sa'ee. Otherwise Tawaaf-e-Ziarah with raml (no idhtibah) has to be followed by Sa’ee.

 c) Female pilgrims in the states of menses or nifaas (bleeding after childbirth) are permitted to perform tawaaf- e- ziarah only after they become clean and take bath, without any penally of damp for this delay. 

d)  After Tawaaf-e-Ziarah return to Mina. 

Violations in Tawaaf-e-Ziarah:

1. In no circumstances, Tawaaf-e-Ziarah could he avoided or compensated. If it was not performed by till Maghrib of 12th Zilhijjah, it is counted as a sin as well as liable for Damm Also the wife will not be Halaal unless this Fardh is performed as long as he is alive. 
2. Besides menses and nifaas, the females are not permitted to delay Tawaaf-e-Ziarah for other excuses as sickness etc.

iii) Damm, if intercourse with wife is committed after Hajamat but before Tawaaf-e-Ziarah.

 iv)  Damm for performing Tawaaf-e-Ziarah without Wudhu (ablution); but Damm is annulled if Tawaaf is repeated with Wudhu.

v) Budnah for Tawaaf-e-Ziarah in the state o menses or nifaas; but Budnah is annulled if

after becoming clean complete Tawaaf is repeated upto 12th Zilhijjah; where as Damm for repeating it after 12th Zilhijjah.

The fourth day of Haj (11th Zilhijjah):

 This day is also called as "Quar Day" 

 a)  Today all the three Jimaars (Shaytaans) will be pelted and the night spent in Mina only.    

b)   The time for pelting begins after Zawaal and terminates at sunset, which is Sunnah; but pelting between sunset and dawn is Makrooh.                                                                       Note: Pelting before Zawaal is not at all permissible otherwise damm. 

c)  Seven pebbles are to be pelted to each of the three Shaytaans in the sequence of small Shaytaan (near Kha-yef Mosque) first, then to the middle Shaytaan and finally to the big Shaytaan.

 d) Between small and middle Shaytaan and also between middle and big Shaytaan. Say Tahmeed (Alhamdu-Lillah).  Tahleel (La-ilaha-illallah), Takbeer (Allahu Akbar). Istaghfar (Astaghfirullah), Drood-e-Shareef and Do'aa quietly; but after ramee at big Shaytaan, without staying there return immediately to your tent. 

The Fifth day of Haj (12th Zilhijjah):

This day is also called as "Ru'woos Day"

a)  Today also after Zawaal, Pebbles have to be pelted on all the three Shaytaans in the same order and exactly in the same manner as done on 11th Zilhijjah.

Note:  Pelting before Zawaal is not at all permissible

otherwisw Damm.

b) Then you are at liberty to leave Mina before sunset for Makkah.

13th Zilhijjah:

This day is also called as "Khalaa Day"

If one could not return on 12th Zilhijjah and stayed at Mina till morning of 13th Zilhijjah, then all the three Shaytaans are to be pelted on 13th Zilhijjah also like previous days after Zawaal without which it is not permissible to return to Makkah.

Note: Pelting pebbles before Zawaal is Makrooh.   

Violation in ramee:

 i)  Damm if on 10th Zilhijjah, pelted three or less pebbles; but Sadaquah for every remaining pebble if pelted four pebbles.

ii)  Damm if less than eleven pebbles pelted on 11th and 12th Zilhijjah.

iii) Damm if Ramee of one day or that of all the three days left off.

iv) Damm if stayed at Mina till Morning of 13th Zilhijjah but left Mina without Ramee.

V)  Ramee is null and void if performed before Zawaal on 11th and 12th Zilhijjah. Ramee is rectified if repeated after Zawaal: otherwise Damm is Wajib.

vi) Damm, if a healthy male or female pilgrim left off Ramee or deputized somebody without proper excuse.

vii) Budnah, for intercourse with wife before or after Ramee but before Hajamat and Tawaaf-e-Ziarah 

viii) One Damm for Qurbani before Ramee. Two Damms if Qurbani and Hajamat both performed before Ramee.

Note: Thanks to Allah all the rites of Haj have been practically competed at Mina. Now return to Makkah.

Tawaaf-e-Wadaa (Farewell Tawaaf):

 Now the last item of Haj, called Tawaaf-e-Wadaa remains which is Wajib for Aafaqui only.

a) Tawaaf-e-Wadaa must be performed without any Ehraam on the day of your departure from Makkah.

b) Female pilgrims in the state of menses or nifaas are exempted from performing Tawaaf-e-Wadaa,and permitted to leave Makkah without Tawaaf-e-Wadaa.

QUASR NAMAAZ DURING HAJ PILGRIMAGE

      Quasr in Arabic actually means reducing or shortening. In Umrah and Haj, shaving and trimming of head's hair is also called as Quasr.                                                                          The term of "Quasr" is also used for shortening of four Fardh Rakaats into two Rakaats in Zuhr, Asr and Isha Namaaz for a pilgrim while on journey under certain conditions as following:

1) If a person leaves his native place with the intention of:

a) Covering a distance walkable in three days

(estimated approximately 48 miles or 77 kms), let it be a journey, voyage or air travel, through any speedy conveyance.

b) Staying for a period less than fifteen days 

Then he is generally known as Musafir (passenger) in Islamic term.

2) In general Musafir has to perform only two Rakaats instead of four Fardh Rakaats of Zuhr, Asr and Isha Namaaz.

3) But during Haj days at Mina, Arafaat and Muzdhalifa a pilgrim (Aafaaqui) is also defined as Musafir, if his stay at Makkah before 8th Zilhijjah is less than fifteen days. Otherwise his status will be as Mu’queem (resident of that place), who is not required to observe Quasr.

 4) In Namaaz with Jama'at, a Musafir Muqtadi (follower) behind a Muqueem Imaam is not required to observe Quasr but to follow the Imaam and perform four Fardh Rakaats in Zuhr, Asr and Isha also.

5) Where as a Muqueem (resident) Muqtadi behind a Musafir Imaam, has to complete his two Rakaats after Imaam's Salaam, but by keeping silent in Qiyaam (standing position) and not reciting any Quranic verse.

6) If a Muqueem Imaam observes Quasr, or a Musafir Imaam performs complete Namaaz without observing Quasr, then in both cases Namaaz of Imaam and the followers becomes null and void.

HAJ-BADAL

Performing of Haj by a person, on behalf of some other person is termed as "Haj Badal" For example

1. If any person affords to bear the expenses of Haj pilgrimage but uncapable to perform the Haj personally due to some reasonable causes, as being cripple or physically handicapped etc. then on his behalf and with his expenses, some other person is permitted in Islam to perform "Haj-Badal".

2. The person on whose behalf Haj-Badal is being performed is called "Aamir "where as the person actually performing the rites of Haj-Badal is called "Mamoor 

3.There are two types of Haj-Badal, one Nafl and other Fardh as per the circumstances.

 4. Generally there is no particular condition for a Nafl Haj-Badal. Only being Muslim and sensible  is sufficient. For example, Somebody upon whom Haj was not at all Fardh, died and now his son personally performs or depute some other person to perform Haj on behalf of his late father or  mother; it is termed as Nafl Haj-Badal.

5. If a person, affording Haj expenses, intended to 

perform Fardh Haj but suddenly died or being crippled left behind a written or verbal WILL for Haj-Badal after his death etc. then such Haj performed on his behalf is called Fardh Haj-Badal 

6. For Fardh Haj-Badal there are certain conditions:

i) Mamoor has to be a muslim and sensible

II) Haj was fardh on Aamir.

III) After Haj becoming fardh, Aamir has become helpless and compelled.

iv) Aamir was continously helpless till his death.

v) Aamir has given instructions for Haj-Badal.

vI) Haj-Badal to be performed by only that person to whom Aamir has given instructions.

vII) Any other person may perform Haj-Badal provided Aamir has given option. 

VIII) All or most of the Haj expenses are to be paid from the wealth of Aamir.

ix) Mamoor has to start his Haj pilgrimage from the native place of Aamir.

x) Mamoor has to put on Ehraam from the Meequat of Aamir.

xi) Only one person has to perform Haj-Badal on behalf of one person only.

xii) To put on Ehraam for a single Haj only. 

xiii) Mamoor has to say Niyyah on behalf of Aamir taking his name even at Talbiah.

 xiv) Mamoor should have sence to understand the Haj rituals performed by him.

xv) Mamoor may be a male or female but such scholar () male person is

preferable who has already performed his own Fardh Haj.

xvi) A person, who has not performed his own Fardh Haj is also permitted to perform Haj-Badal on others behalf; but his own Fardh Haj will remain pending as it is on him.

xvii) It is advisable to perform Ifraad in Haj- Badal. Quiran may also be performed with Mamoor bearing Qurbani expenses.

 xviii)It is not advisable for residents of Makkah or Madina to perform Haj-Badal except for a son performing his parents' Haj-Badal.

Concessions and Exemptions to Ladies in Haj:

     Islaam has granted certain concessions and exemptions to female pilgrims during Haj in view of their natural excuses and effeminate requirements, as following:

1) For the safeguard of woman's chastity a female pilgrim is bound to proceed for Haj with her husband or with a Mahram, without which she

will be a sinner at every step. A male posing to be Mahram but unreal and fabricated, is also counted as sinner.

2) Woman is not at all permitted to perform Haj during the period of her iddat due to divorce or death of husband; otherwise it will be a great sin.

3) Female pilgrims are free from difficult formalities of Ehraam as for males. Only a scarf covering the hair of head will suffice for female. 

4) Unlike to males, female pilgrims are permitted

to put on normal garments, sewn or coloured one including gloves, socks and inners. Also a foot-wear covering the first metatarsal (mounted foot bone) is permitted.

5) Female pilgrims are not permitted to enter Masjid-e-Haram and to perform Tawaaf during the period of menses and nifaas, otherwise it is a severe sin.

6) Female pilgrims are not bound to say Talbiah loudly.

7) Females need not approach Hajar-e-Aswad; but can do istilam from distance away from it.

 8) Females are free from doing idhtibah and ramal while performing Tawaaf of Kaabah.

9) Females are free from walking with speed between green pillars while performing Sa'ee between Safa and Marwah.

10) Females are allowed to put on Ehraam at Meequat and to say Niyyah and Talbiah in menses and nifaas, except two Rakaats Namaaz. Also they are permitted to say Takbeer, Tahleel and Tasbeehat in the state of Ehraam.

11) Ehraam of females does not discontinue even if after wearing Ehraam, menses period starts. After getting cleaned and taking bath, they can perform Tawaaf, Two Rakaats Namaaz and Sa'ee in Masjid-e-Haraam.

12) In menses and nifaas Females (within or withou Ehraam) can neither perform any Namaaz and Tawaaf, nor touch and recite the holy Quran. 

13) Females are permitted to make delay in Tawaaf-e-Ziarah, if they are in menses before 12th Zilhijjah and complete the same after getting cleaned.

14) If female pilgrim in menses, is so much compelled and helpless that she has to leave Makkah without Tawaaf-e-Ziarah and no extension is possible in her stay, then she may perform Tawaaf-e-Ziarah in the state of menses at the cost of the penalty of Budnah offered within Haram boundary and also to do Toubah (repentance) and Istighfar praying Allah to forgive her for having committed the sin.

 Note: Do not take this act as a general and open sanctioned permission except in highly uneven circumstances of compulsion. As a matter of fact in the present time of advanced facilities, such circumstances are very very rare rather remote and impossible.

15) Female pilgrims are permitted to leave off Tawaaf-e-Wadaa, if they are in the state of Menses or Nifaas, for which they need not pay any penalty at all.